The change in focal length of an eye lens is caused by the action of ciliary muscles. The relaxation or contraction of ciliary muscles changes the curvature of the eye lens. This ability of the eye lens to adjust the focal length of eye lens to see the distinct or nearby objects clearly is called accommodation .
The human eye is an amazing organ that can adjust its focus from infinity to as close as 7 cm away from the eye. This is done by changing the shape of the eye lens, which changes the focal length of the lens. This mechanism of the eye is called accommodation.
The ciliary muscle is a circular muscle that relaxes or tightens the zonules to enable the lens to change shape for focusing. The zonules are fibers that connect the ciliary body with the lens capsule. When the ciliary muscle contracts, it pulls on the zonules, which in turn relaxes the tension on the lens capsule. This allows the lens to become more convex and increase its refractive power.
When we look at distant objects, our ciliary muscles are relaxed and our lenses are thin and flat. When we look at nearby objects, our ciliary muscles contract and our lenses become thicker and more curved.
In conclusion, The change in focal length of an eye lens is caused by action of ciliary muscles which changes curvature of eye lens. This ability of eye lens to adjust focal length is called accommodation. The human eye can adjust its focus from infinity to as close as 7 cm away from the eye by changing shape of eye lens .
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