When the North pole of a magnet is brought towards one end of the coil, the induced current flows in the coil in such a direction that the end of the coil near the magnet becomes a north pole which repels the magnet and opposes the motion of the north pole of the magnet towards the coil. Thus, direction of induced current is anti-clockwise .
This phenomenon is known as electromagnetic induction and was discovered by Michael Faraday in 1831. Faraday's law states that when there is a change in magnetic flux through a loop of wire, an electromotive force (EMF) is induced in the loop. The magnitude of this EMF is proportional to the rate at which magnetic flux changes .
The direction of current flow can be determined by Lenz's law which states that an induced current will flow in a direction that opposes the change that produced it . In this case, since the north pole of the magnet is brought near a current carrying coil and moves towards it, an induced current will flow in such a way as to oppose this motion.
The phenomenon has many practical applications such as electric generators, transformers, and motors. In electric generators, mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy by rotating a coil of wire in a magnetic field. The changing magnetic field induces an EMF in the coil which drives an electric current .
I hope this helps you understand more about electromagnetic induction. Here are some websites that discuss this topic further:
- https://www.doubtnut.com/question-answer-physics/the-north-pole-of-a-bar-magnetic-is-moved-towards-a-coil-along-the-axis-passing-through-the-centre-o-130892103
- https://edurev.in/question/1884834/The-north-pole-of-a-magnet-is-brought-near-a-coil--The-induced-current-in-the-coil-as-seen-by-an-obs
- https://www.khanacademy.org/science/physics/magnetic-forces-and-magnetic-fields/magnetic-flux-faradays-law/a/what-is-faradays-law
- https://openstax.org/books/physics/pages/20-3-electromagnetic-induction
Let me know if you have any other questions.
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